This report is based on the discussions that were held during two high-level workshops in Geneva and New York. These workshops were conducted in the framework of the Future of Peace and War project.

Fragmentation, friction, uncertainty and hence unpredictability within many countries and between major power blocks are becoming more commonplace. Often resulting in violence or conflict, these tensions can be aggravated by climate change and competition in the field of digital technologies. Therefore, despite its difficulty, anticipation and foresight informed by science and technology are critical in the field of peace and war. Such foresight allows the anticipation of a variety of futures. On the basis of these, it becomes possible to create and implement appropriate programmes and strategies to prevent or contain conflict, and to advance the more promising approaches to peace.