On 17 September, the GCSP Alumni and Community Engagement Office, in collaboration with the Afghanistan Alumni Group, held a virtual session entitled “The Future of Youth and Freedom of Expression in Afghanistan.” The aim of this session was to address the challenges and opportunities faced by Afghan youth and to provide a platform for solution-oriented dialogue. In the current socio-political context, empowering youth and protecting freedom of expression can have a significant impact on peace and stability in the region.

Isabelle Gillet, as Head of the GCSP Alumni & Community Engagement Office, played a key role in organising the discussion. Her efforts ensured a focused and impactful session, emphasising collaboration among GCSP Alumni to address the challenges facing Afghan youth and their freedom of expression.

The session was moderated by Muska Karimi, Chair of the Afghanistan GCSP Alumni & Community Group. She asked critical questions that framed the discussion, such as the insights history offers to navigate present challenges, the obstacles Afghan youth encounter in voicing their opinions, and the international community’s responsibility in safeguarding these freedoms. The conversation also delved into the potential of diplomatic efforts to bring about positive change, while spotlighting the leadership of Afghan women in championing freedom of expression. The session underscored the importance of identifying concrete pathways to protect and strengthen free speech for future generations in Afghanistan.

Dr Abdul Naim Asas –The Historical Context of Freedom of Expression in Afghanistan

Dr Asas summarised how freedom of expression has evolved in Afghanistan throughout history. He highlighted significant phases, from the reforms of King Amanullah in the early 20th century to the restrictions imposed by various regimes. He stated, “The struggle of Afghan youth for freedom of expression shapes not only their future but also the democratic future of the country.” He noted the revival of media in the post-2001 era but emphasised that these gains were lost with the Taliban’s return in 2021. He pointed out that youth are still trying to make their voices heard through social media, and this struggle needs to be sustained with international support.

Ambassador Ashraf Haidari – International Support for Afghan Youth

With extensive experience in diplomacy, Ambassador Haidari provided a broader perspective on the role of international organisations in supporting freedom of expression in Afghanistan. He emphasised, “Youth in Afghanistan is at the centre of every discussion.” He called for more international attention and support from organisations, particularly the United Nations, to highlight the situation of Afghan youth. “This forum is an opportunity to remind the world of the importance of youth,” he added.

Ms Nazifa Haqpal – Media and the Youth's Struggle

Ms Haqpal, Director of Aspire Research Consultancy and a PhD candidate at SOAS University, highlighted the severe restrictions on freedom of expression in Afghanistan. “In the last three years, freedom of expression and the press have disappeared in Afghanistan,” she said. She explained the negative effects of the Taliban’s strict policies on media freedom and civil rights. She added, “The only remaining platform for youth to express themselves is social media,” but noted that the Taliban also uses these platforms for propaganda. Despite these challenges, Haqpal praised the resilience of Afghan youth in defending their rights.

Ms Farima Nawabi – The Struggle of Afghan Women for Freedom of Expression

Ms Nawabi praised the courageous struggle of Afghan women for their rights, despite numerous obstacles. She observed, “Afghan women are using various tools and platforms to support freedom of expression.” She also highlighted the bravery of Afghan youth, such as Ms Nazifa Haqpal, and underscored the importance of their efforts.

Several key statements raised during the session, particularly in the Q&A segment, were noted as important takeaways for the conclusion. Two critical questions emerged prominently: First, speakers were asked what recommendations they would provide to UN agencies or foreign governments wishing to launch capacity-building or educational projects for Afghan women and youth in the current socio-economic context. Second, there were inquiries about any coordinated actions taken by the Afghan diaspora in supporting freedom of expression and education, such as through radio programmes or online literacy platforms.

Additionally, the discussion highlighted the ongoing issue of "brain drain" within the Afghan youth community. Many young Afghans, burdened by the relentless socio-political and economic challenges, have lost the energy and motivation to continue advocacy efforts. A significant number of them have fled the country, leaving behind a vacuum of educated, skilled, and motivated individuals who could otherwise drive change from within.

Nazifa Haqpal and Farima Nawabi together with the alumni thoughtfully addressed these critical questions along with other significant issues, offering insights into the role of international efforts in supporting the future of Afghanistan.

Key Recommendations and Considerations:

• The Role of the International Community: It is critical for international actors to provide robust support for freedom of expression in Afghanistan. The erosion of civil liberties and access to information has stifled the capacity for young people to engage in meaningful dialogue, and outside intervention could create spaces for renewed activism and discourse.
• Education & Training in Communication: Afghan youth, particularly women, need targeted education and training to develop strong communication skills. This should include training on how to effectively advocate for their rights and articulate their needs both domestically and internationally. Providing the necessary tools, such as mobile phones and reliable internet access, is essential for enabling them to participate in global conversations and movements.
• Fostering Critical Thinking and Skills: Any initiative aimed at supporting Afghan youth must incorporate critical thinking as a foundational skill. This empowers young people to not only engage in advocacy but also to analyse and navigate the complex socio-political landscape they face. Building a generation capable of questioning, innovating, and contributing to future policies is essential.
• Supporting Independent Media: An independent media sector is crucial for sustaining freedom of expression in Afghanistan. International support should focus on protecting journalists and media outlets, as well as ensuring access to accurate, unbiased information for the population. Media platforms that are youth-led can serve as a vital avenue for amplifying the voices of Afghan youth and women.
• Youth-Led Platforms and Initiatives: The international community should actively seek out and support youth-led platforms and initiatives within Afghanistan and among the diaspora. Connecting these initiatives to international networks and resources would provide young leaders with the tools they need to advocate for change effectively.
• Cultural Experts and Local Engagement: For any international project aimed at supporting Afghan women and youth to succeed, it is imperative to involve cultural experts from every community within Afghanistan. These experts can ensure that initiatives are contextually appropriate, culturally sensitive, and inclusive of the country’s rich diversity.